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演化論
推薦老師：婦產科謝豐舟老師

        2009年是達爾文誕生200週年，及其重要著作《物種起源》發表150週年，該書即為演化論，奠定生物界演化的基本架構。而醫學的對象是人，人是生物之一，也屬於演化樹的一部份，人的健康與疾病皆是演化的產物，因此學醫之人應該要多瞭解演化。尤其是近來許多物種（包括人類）的基因體定序陸續完成，提供我們更多資料來檢視演化論。

        本次書展特別商請謝豐舟老師，自本館與演化相關的館藏中，挑選出其中的精華，推薦給讀者。書單上有演化的教科書，演化學基礎，如遺傳學、數學、生物資訊、發育生物學等，還有演化的物質基礎，像是基因、蛋白質、病毒、細菌、寄生蟲等。也包含演化與人類健康和疾病的關係，以至未來人類演化的趨勢，當然少不了歷史文獻如達爾文寫的《小獵犬號航海記》及相關的科普書籍。相信本次所展出的圖書，可以引領讀者對與醫學關係日益密切的演化論一窺全貌。

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編號 書名 / 作者 出版社 出版年 索書號 適用等級 摘要
1 Evolution / Nicholas H. Barton ... [et al.] Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2007 QH366.2 E847 2007 Basic bookpic This extensively illustrated, full-color textbook is divided into five sections: Introduction: discusses the key experiments and ideas in the development of molecular biology and provides an account of the development of the ideas underpinning evolutionary theory. Origin and Diversity of Life: describes the history of life on earth from the origin of life to the evolution of humans, with emphasis on the major transitions in genetic organization, novel adaptations, and the diversity of life. The impact of molecular biology is clearly presented, with chapters that make extensive use of up-to-date insights gained from complete genome sequences and the molecular mechanisms of developmental biology. Evolutionary Processes: describes the evolutionary processes that account for the diversity of life: how variation arises and how selection acts on it are considered in detail. Many examples used to illustrate the theory are drawn from molecular sources. Human Evolution: discusses human evolution and diversity. The benefits molecular markers have conferred on the understanding of human evolution are highlighted and integrated with paleontological evidence.Methods and Tools: deals with techniques and models used in studying evolutionary biology, emphasizing the contribution of molecular biology and genomics to the phylogenetic reconstruction methods described.
2 Population gene1tics and microevolutionary theory / Alan R. Templeton Wiley-Liss 2006 QH455 T46 2006 e-book Basic bookpic The advances made possible by the development of molecular techniques have in recent years revolutionized quantitative genetics and its relevance for population genetics. Population Genetics and Microevolutionary Theory takes a modern approach to population genetics, incorporating modern molecular biology, species-level evolutionary biology, and a thorough acknowledgment of quantitative genetics as the theoretical basis for population genetics. Logically organized into three main sections on population structure and history, genotype-phenotype interactions, and selection/adaptation Extensive use of real examples to illustrate concepts Written in a clear and accessible manner and devoid of complex mathematical equations Includes the author's introduction to background material as well as a conclusion for a handy overview of the field and its modern applications Each chapter ends with a set of review questions and answers Offers helpful general references and Internet links.
3 Genetics and the logic of evolution / Kenneth M. Weiss and Anne Buchanan Wiley-Liss 2004 QH390 W45 2004 e-book Basic bookpic Darwinian theory, with genes at its center, still frames our discussion of evolution. Yet now the picture within the frame-a portrait rendered in detail at the cellular and molecular level-contains the real stuff of today's big questions about living organisms. Genetics and molecular biology have revealed a new realm of complexity in life, with major implications for how we understand evolution. Genetics and the Logic of Evolution provides a much-needed overview and analysis of general principles and patterns of evolution in light of contemporary biology. Taking a functional approach to explain how genes are used across the diverse range of species, the authors consider: Basic concepts and principles of biological complexity Alternative and supplemental principles to Darwinian theory Building blocks of life: how DNA, RNA, and genes work in single-cell and multi- cellular organisms Communication within an organism Detection and perception of the environment Evolutionary order and disorder and the sometimes fluid relationships between phenotypes and genotypes Working outwards from the molecular level, Genetics and the Logic of Evolution moves its discourse towards a broader sense of life and how organisms live it. Written to be both scientifically rigorous and accessible to the layman, this treatment offers students and practitioners a refreshingly grand tour of the most important generalizations to emerge from recent biological research.
4 從基因體科學到基因體醫學 / 謝豐舟,邱錦輝,梁金銅主編 力大圖書 2005 363.019 2846 Basic bookpic 人類基因體大觀--基因舞者：談基因體上的跳躍單元--什麼是「基因」?後基因體時代如何定義 「基因」?--細胞核內，彩雲朵朵：基因體之立體空間結構--X檔案：人類X染色體之謎--令人怕案驚奇的人類Y染色體：看Y染色體如何力抗演化逆流--人類第六號染色體--唐氏症之謎：人類第21號染色體定序完成--遺傳、發育、演化：基因體研究的歷史長河--小蟲立力功：正視模式生物的重要性--從酵母菌看基因體複雜性的起源：生物演化過程中真的有Whole Genome Duplication嗎?--從玉米探索基因體的奧祕：Barbara McClintock(跳躍基因的發現者)-- 猴子不患寡而患不均：從生物行為瞭解人類--從多系統生物學看癌症的頑強性--碎形與癌症--生物界的賽局理論-當生物學遇見數學--新世紀之基因診斷：現況與未來--乳癌基因(BRCA)的最近進展：臨床檢測之應用及生物學功能之探討--巴黎SCID基因治療意外事件簿--分子神藥Receptor Tyrosine Kinas Inhibitor的發展史--從MIT進軍Neuroscience看臺灣大學的神經科學發展--雞與鴉--染色體的OK繃：談DAN修復系統的作用及對生物物種的影響--花非花，葉非葉--基因體的複雜性：從癌症的超基因學(epigenetic)談起--基因體醫學之實踐--勿忘孟德爾--尋找人類遺傳易感受性的基因的原理與方法--大腸直腸癌的發生過程與基因變化--大腸直腸癌致癌過程之細胞週期變化--大腸直腸癌致癌有關基因之作用機轉及預後意義--遺傳性非息肉大腸直腸癌(HNPCC)致癌過程的基因變化--大腸直腸腫瘤分子遺傳學的現況--預防勝於治療：談大腸直腸癌--SARS冠狀病毒及其基因體相關研究--腫瘤血管新生--細胞凋亡機制及其臨床應用--血友病之基因診斷--BRCA1/BRCA2基因檢測於乳癌患者之臨床運用--病毒性肝炎之分子致病機轉：以B型肝炎為例--基因體精神醫學的精神病理學：精神分裂症的致病性基因研究-神經科學--粒線體DNA突變和氧化壓力在粒線體疾病及老年退化性疾病的致病角色--脊?肌肉萎縮症--肌萎縮側索硬化症--進行性家族性肝內膽汁鬱積症候群--mTOR在果蠅細胞分化之時序調控以及在人類疾病所扮演的角色--我的醫學遺傳學之路-附綠
5 Mathematics of evolution and phylogeny / edited by Olivier Gascuel Oxford University Press 2005 QH371.3.M37 M28 2005 Basic bookpic This book considers evolution at different scales: sequences, genes, gene families, organelles, genomes and species. The focus is on the mathematical and computational tools and concepts, which form an essential basis of evolutionary studies, indicate their limitations, and give them orientation. Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in this area, with models and methods becoming more realistic, owerful, and complex. This book of contributed chapters is authored by renowned scientists and covers recent results in the highly topical area of mathematics in evolution and phylogeny. Each chapter is a detailed overview of a specific topic, from the underlying concepts to the latest results. Aimed at graduates and researchers in phylogenetics, this book will be of interest to both mathematicians and biologists.
6 Bioinformatics and molecular evolution / Paul G. Higgs and Teresa K. Attwood Blackwell 2005 QU26.5 H637b 2005 Basic bookpic In the current era of complete genome sequencing, Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution provides an up-to-date and comprehensive introduction to bioinformatics in the context of evolutionary biology. This accessible text： ‧provides a thorough examination of sequence analysis, biological databases, pattern recognition, and applications to genomics, microarrays, and proteomics ‧emphasizes the theoretical and statistical methods used in bioinformatics programs in a way that is accessible to biological science students ‧places bioinformatics in the context of evolutionary biology, including population genetics, molecular evolution, molecular phylogenetics, and their applications ‧features end-of-chapter problems and self-tests to help students synthesize the materials and apply their understanding
7 Molecular evolution and phylogenetics / Masatoshi Nei, Sudhir Kumar Oxford University Press 2000 QH390 N45 2000 Basic bookpic During the last ten years, remarkable progress has occurred in the study of molecular evolution. Among the most important factors that are responsible for this progress are the development of new statistical methods and advances in computational technology. In particular, phylogenetic analysis of DNA or protein sequences has become a powerful tool for studying molecular evolution. Along with this developing technology, the application of the new statistical and computational methods has become more complicated and there is no comprehensive volume that treats these methods in depth. 　　Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics fills this gap and present various statistical methods that are easily accessible to general biologists as well as biochemists, bioinformatists and graduate students. The text covers measurement of sequence divergence, construction of phylogenetic trees, statistical tests for detection of positive Darwinian selection, inference of ancestral amino acid sequences, construction of linearized trees, and analysis of allele frequency data. Emphasis is given to practical methods of data analysis, and methods can be learned by working through numerical examples using the computer program MEGA2 that is provided.
8 Comparative developmental physiology : contributions, tools, and trends / edited by Stephen J. Warburton... [et al] Oxford University Press 2006 QT4 C7367 2006 Basic bookpic Comparative developmental physiology is a growing discipline examining a diversity of organisms as they transform from single cells to mature, reproductive individuals. This collection of original, innovative essays emerged from a Roundtable on Comparative Developmental Physiology held in Glen Rose, Texas in the summer of 2002. This meeting brought together investigators studying the physiology of developing animals in an effort to identify the field's potential contributions to biology. 　 　The participants honed in on common emerging themes and future goals, which are reflected in the chapters within. The nascent community of comparative developmental physiologists was challenged to amplify the power of data collection and tool development by focusing on a few select model organisms, while still employing the power of the broader, more traditional comparative approach. 　　Evolution has provided comparative developmental physiologists with remarkable biological diversity, which they have used to investigate a broad range of questions critical for understanding how life works. This goes beyond the basic nuts and bolts of cellular mechanisms to the functional whole, from the mechanistic level to behavior within and between organisms. The union of developmental biology with the breadth of comparative physiology holds much promise for a deeper understanding of evolutionary processes.
9 Gene and protein evolution / volume editor, Jean-Nicolas Volff Karger 2007 QU58.5 G3255 2007 e-book Basic bookpic Volff notes in his preface to this volume that the genomics era has completely altered our understanding of evolution, particularly through the emergence of comparative genomics, which allows analysis of complete genomes and biological processes over huge periods of time. In this collection of monographs, internationally-recognized experts discuss an update of the evolutionary processes at the basis of organismal diversification and complexity, and review the mechanisms that lead to the acquisition of new traits and functions. Different levels of evolution are considered, from internal modules in genes and proteins to interactomes and biological networks. Topics also include the origin of novel genes and gene functions and the evolutionary impact of the duplication of genetic information, and several chapters focus on transposable elements. The volume contains several color and black-and-white illustrations. Annotation c2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
10 Evolution and emergence of RNA viruses / Edward C. Holmes Oxford University Press 2009 QW168 H749e 2009 Basic bookpic RNA viruses provide unique insights into the patterns and processes of evolutionary change in real time. The study of viral evolution is especially topical given the growing awareness that emerging and re-emerging diseases (most of which are caused by RNA viruses) represent a major threat to public health. However, while the study of viral evolution has developed rapidly in the last 30 years, relatively little attention has been directed toward linking work on the mechanisms of viral evolution within cells or individual hosts, to the epidemiological outcomes of these processes. This novel book fills this gap by considering the patterns and processes of viral evolution across their entire range of spatial and temporal scales. The Evolution and Emergence of RNA Viruses provides a comprehensive overview of RNA virus evolution, with a particular focus on genomic and phylogenetic approaches. This is the first book to link mechanisms of viral evolution with disease dynamics, using high-profile examples in emergence and evolution such as influenza, HIV, dengue fever, and rabies. It also reveals the underlying evolutionary processes by which emerging viruses cross species boundaries and spread in new hosts.
11 Origin and evolution of viruses / edited by Esteban Domingo, Colin R. Parrish, John J. Holland Elsevier Academic Press 2008 QW160 O23 2008 e-book Basic bookpic New viral diseases are emerging continuously. Viruses adapt to new environments at astounding rates. Genetic variability of viruses jeopardizes vaccine efficacy. For many viruses mutants resistant to antiviral agents or host immune responses arise readily, for example, with HIV and influenza.These variations are all of utmost importance for human and animal health as they have prevented us from controlling these epidemic pathogens. This book focuses on the mechanisms that viruses use to evolve, survive and cause disease in their hosts. Covering human, animal, plant and bacterial viruses, it provides both the basic foundations for the evolutionary dynamics of viruses and specific examples of emerging diseases explained by the evolutionary flexibility of the viral agents that circulate in a continuously changing earth environment. * NEW to this edition - chapters on the molecular basis of copying fidelity of viral polymerases, methods to establish phylogenetic relationships among viruses, and the mechanisms of cellular RNA interference and editing functions as they affect virus evolution. * UNIQUE - combines theoretical concepts in evolution with detailed analyses of the evolution of important virus groups. * Bacterial, plant, animal and human viruses are compared regarding their interaction with their hosts.
12 Malaria : genetic and evolutionary aspects / [edited by] Krishna R. Dronamraju and Paolo Arese Springer 2006 WC750 M236629 2006 Basic bookpic This book is an edited collection of papers by leading experts on the population genetics and evolutionary biology of malaria, a disease which results in three million deaths each year in the world. "Malaria Hypothesis" refers to the hypothesis, which was proposed by J.B.S. Haldane at the 8th International Congress of Genetics in Stockholm in 1948, that the identical geographic distribution of both falciparum malaria and thalassemia in the mediterranean region suggests that the heterozygous individuals for thalassemia (or microcythemia as it was called then) might have greater resistance to malarial infection. Haldane, later in the same year, expanded his theory to infectious disease in general at another international conference, at Pallanza in Italy. Haldane's hypothesis was subsequently confirmed in the African populations by A.C. Allison and later by others during the last fifty years, although at first for sickle cell anemia and later for thalassemia with varying degrees of success. The malaria hypothesis still remains today a unique example of that kind of balanced polymorphism, not only in genetics but in all of biology. It opened up new insights into our perspective of the genetics and population dynamics of disease prevalence, particularly infectious disease.
13 Archaea : evolution, physiology, and molecular biology / edited by Roger A. Garrett and Hans-Peter Klenk Blackwell 2007 QW50 A669 2007 Basic bookpic Garrett (Danish Archaea Center, Copenhagen U., Denmark) and Klenk (microbial genomics, Darmstadt Technical U., Germany) present 26 papers for the purpose of sampling recent research into the single-celled organisms of the Archaea domain (one of the fundamental classifications, together with Eukaryota and Bacteria, of the relatively recent three-domain system of taxonomy). Eleven of the papers are literature reviews on such topics as the natural history of the archaeal domain, features of the genomes, genetics, chromatin and regulation, DNA replication and the cell cycle, DNA repair, transcriptional mechanism, and biotechnology. A further 14 papers are specialist articles discussing lateral gene transfer and the nature of the domains, nanoarchaeota, mechanisms of rearrangement and change in Sulfolobus genomes, plasmids, possible role of integration mechanisms in genome evolution, genetic properties of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and relate Archaea, transcriptional regulation in Haloarchaea, translational mechanisms and protein synthesis, glycolytic pathways of Archaea, metabolism of inorganic sulfur compounds in Archaea, methylation of metalloids by methanoarchaea, and other topics. Annotation c2007 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
14 Evolution and development / edited by William R. Jeffery Academic Press 2009 W1 C936d v.86 2009 Basic bookpic The marriage of evolutionary biology with developmental biology has resulted in the formation of a new field, evolutionary developmental biology, or "evo-devo." This volume reviews current research findings and thought in the broad field of evo-devo, looking at the developmental genetic mechanisms that cause variation and how alterations of these mechanisms can generate novel structural changes in a variety of plant and animal life. Reviews current research findings and thought on evolutionary developmental biology, providing researchers an overview and synthesis of the latest research findings and contemporary thought in the area. Includes chapters discussing the evolutionary development of a wide variety of organisms and allows researchers to compare and contrast how genes are expressed in a variety of organisms-from fly to frog, to humans. Emphasizes the role of regulatory DNA in evolutionary development to give researchers perspective on how the regions of the genome that control gene expression and the protein factors that bind them are ultimately responsible for the diversity of life that has evolved.
15 Origin and evolution of the vertebrate immune system / edited by L. Du Pasquier, G.W. Litman Springer 2000 W1 C936m v.248 2000 Basic bookpic The book presents the most current knowledge, ideas & speculations about the origin of the adaptive immune system & its evolution. The accumulation of genetic, molecular & biological data across various classes of vertebrates & phyla within the animal kingdom has helped elucidate major elements of genetic conservation & specific variations on that theme. Several scenarios linking together genome evolution & the origin of receptors & the differentiation of lymphocyte lineage are now envisioned at a much more general & integrated level than ever before. The volume is a collection of chapters centered around the phylogeny of the immune system written by scientists who are at the forefront of research in the field. It presents a fresh mix of subjects & new approaches presented for the first time in form of reviews. Clearly not comprehensive, the book delineates the current & controversial issues in this area.
16 Evolutionary psychology : an introduction / Lance Workman and Will Reader Cambridge University Press 2008 BF698.95 W67 2008 Basic bookpic Evolutionary psychology is one of the fastest growing fields in psychology, and it is increasingly the framework used to understand the place and behaviors of humans in the modern world. In this second edition of a work that first appeared in 2004, Workman and Reader provide a solid overview of evolutionary psychology. As the authors note, since evolutionary psychology is a relatively new and rapidly growing field, some authors write about it with evangelistic zeal, overemphasizing their views and exaggerating the explanatory power of the evolutionary framework without sufficient empirical support. Workman and Reader are more cautious and balanced. The writing is fluid, and their presentation of the concepts and perspectives of evolutionary psychology are accessible. 　 　Because evolutionary psychology is based in well-established areas of comparative psychology and ethology, the book is strongest in areas where the field is strong (mate selection, kinship, and group behavior) and weakest where the science is weak (cognitive development, cognition and individual differences). A tighter book could have safely omitted chapters on the latter. No library of any size should be without a book, if not a section, on evolutionary psychology, and this title, though intended as a textbook, is a candidate. Summing Up: Recommended. Lower- and upper-division undergraduates; graduate students. S. R. Flora Youngstown State Universtiy.
17 Dopaminergic mind in human evolution and history / Fred H. Previc Cambridge University Press 2009 WL102.8 P944d 2009 e-book Basic bookpic What does it mean to be human? There are many theories of the evolution of human behaviour which seek to explain how our brains evolved to support our unique abilities and personalities. Most of these have focused on the role of brain size or specific genetic adaptations into the brain. In contrast, Fred Previc presents a provocative theory that high levels of dopamine, the most widely studied neurotransmitter, account for all major aspects of modern human behaviour. He further emphasizes the role of epigenetic rather than genetic factors in the rise of dopamine. Previc contrasts the great achievements of the dopaminergic mind with the harmful effects of rising dopamine levels in modern societies and concludes with a critical examination of whether the dopaminergic mind that has evolved in humans is still adaptive to the health of humans and to the planet in general.
18 大腦變奏曲 : 神經演化故事13章 / 哈洛德.克羅文(Harold Klawans)著; 陳振東譯 究竟 2001 415.9 4060 Basic bookpic 　　人類之所以和其他生物不同，在於其複雜的大腦結構，還有大腦延伸出來的許多功能，如語言、閱讀、創造，一旦大腦功能被破壞，或是病變，就會使人喪失一些能力，如記憶、語言、行動。大腦重要性，是不證自明的。 　　《大腦變奏曲》是美國著名神經科醫師克羅文，以自身的臨床經驗為寫作題材，將一生中所遇到最精采而離奇的真實病例，編寫成十三篇故事；有如《我的左腳》、《睡人》等電影中的情節，舞蹈症、帕金森氏症、阿茲海默症等等病症，都是因為神經系統某部分功能失調所致。 　　這13則故事讀來就像是看了一場精采的電影一樣，因為作者除了簡單地介紹每一種大腦疾病的問題外，還以深入淺出的方式敘述大腦的功能，還有他的案子的每一個故事。 　　例如第一章談的就是一個一出生就沒有接觸語言的小女孩，因為沒接觸語言所以並不能說話，可是，當作者對她說：「Hi。」小女孩便對著他說：「Hi。」這顯 示小女孩的大腦語言能力區是正常的。法國導演佛朗索瓦．特律佛曾導一部電影《野孩子》，描述一個小男孩在國森林被發現，他不會說話不懂語言，這其實是個真 實的案例，小男孩被教導多年，對於語言的使用還是略感困難，而不像那個小女孩一般，輕易地學會母語，甚至其他國家語言。 　　作者表示，這顯示從小學習語言很快，只要大腦是完好的。語言能力是人類優於其他生物的一點，不只能叫還能符號化。作者認為這該歸功於史前的女性，因為一般 人認為人類文明從史前到現在，多半是因為男性負起的養家的則任，如為了狩獵而鑄打器具，但是，男性一直在外工作，哺育小孩就是女性的事了，也只有女性在哺 育小孩時，以語言來溝通，並將人類的生活文明、成人如何捕獵、耕種教給小孩子，語言及文明就這樣產生及延續。想要瞭解大腦的故事，還有人類演化的經過，這本書是本值得閱讀的書。 (文/黃慧娟)
19 Molecular nutrition and genomics : nutrition and the ascent of humankind / Mark Lucock Wiley-Liss 2007 QU145 L941m 2007 Basic bookpic The field of human nutrition continues to move ever further from any consideration of food or people, and Lucock (human molecular nutrition, U. of Newcastle, Australia) takes it another giant step by looking at possible links between micronutrients and human genes, emphasizing an evolutionary context. His topics include micronutrients and the evolution of skin pigmentation, weaning and brain development, the conflict between agricultural and ancestral genes, genomic and non-genomic influence at the estrogen receptor, and dietary zootoxins. He also surveys some of the laboratory tools being used to study nutrigenomics. Annotation c2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
20 Evolving health : the origins of illness and how the modern world is making us sick / Noel T. Boaz Wiley 2002 QZ40 B662e 2002 Basic bookpic Human illnesses can be understood as damage to those adaptations that we took on at various stages in our evolution from pre-life molecules to modern Homo sapiens. Preventing these illnesses entails avoiding what causes the damage-- which too frequently are the everyday hazards of twenty-first-century life, as the chart below shows: Level of Evolution Cause of adaptive failure resulting disease or problem Pre-life Environmental poisons Certain birth defects Single cell (bacteria and amoeba-like) Viral infection Colds/flu/HIV Morula (sponge-like) Cellular stress Cancer Chordate Physical stress Back pain Fish Excess dietary salt Hypertension/heart disease Amphibian Tobacco smoke Lung cancer/emphysema Lower primate Excess dietary sugar Diabetes mellitus Higher primate Vitamin C deficiency Scurvy Ape Excess dietary protein Gout Homo sapiens Reduced dietary variety Nutritionaldiseases/food allergies.
21 Evolution in health and disease / edited by Stephen C. Stearns and Jacob C. Koella Oxford University Press 2008 QU475 E95 2008 e-book Basic bookpic This strikingly well chosen compendium brings together nearly 50 experts in a wide array of disciplines in biomedical science that intersect with and are informed by evolutionary biology. In addition to contributing themselves, editors Stephen C. Stearns and Jacob C. Koella have brought together authors to provide an important update on the first edition of 1999. 　　Part I introduces the evolutionary discipline as it relates to medicine, and parts II-V applies this to infectious diseases, behavior, human life histories and behavior, new diseases, and aging. The editors propose to make the subject matter accessible to a wide audience of educators and graduate students in the biosciences, medical students and practitioners, and the public. Such a contribution is ambitious and indeed necessary. By and large they succeed admirably. It is satisfying to see how the editors have managed to achieve a remarkable degree of similarity of tone and technicality across the contributions from so many authors. The authors and their editors have largely succeeded in keeping the material accessible for their target audience. Unfortunately, some instances of technical terms without adequate definition do appear, but the authors very often succeed in adequately explaining discipline-specific terms and concepts. The degree to which they succeed indicates the intimate knowledge of the material by the authors and their editors. 　　In part I, the authors discuss major classical evolutionary concepts from allele frequencies in population genetics, natural selection, adaptation, and phylogenetics as they relate to medicine. In part II, the readers learns about the co-evolution of humans and infectious diseases and datasets in the age of genomics and examples of medical importance of our evolutionary history. In part III, natural selection and adaptation is applied to life history, hormones, immunity, and behavioral ecology. Part IV focuses on the evolution of human pathogens, and part V brings evolutionary insights to developmental biology, chronic and degenerative ailments, and aging.. This second edition is a welcome addition to the growing integration of the biomedical sciences. As an evolutionary biologist, I found myself grateful more than once that these well organized summary articles (with their references) on so many disciplines connected to evolutionary biology and genomics could be found between only two covers! Lee F Greer, BA, MS, PhD(La Sierra University). Copyright 2008, Doody Enterprises, Inc.
22 生病,生病,why? : 解開疾病之謎的新科學「演化醫學」 / 內斯(Randolph M. Nesse), 威廉斯(George C. Williams)著; 廖月娟譯 天下遠見 2001 410.1 4042 Basic bookpic 　　為什麼設計得那麼精巧的人體，還會有幾千種瑕疵，讓我們難逃疾病之苦？如果眼睛、大腦等複雜的器官是天擇的產物，何不乾脆讓我們也能免於近視、阿茲 海默症等？為何天擇不幫我們剔除致病基因或老化基因？為什麼婦女懷孕，最需要「一人吃、兩人補」的時候，卻飽受害喜的折磨，對食物興趣缺缺？ 　　演化醫學（Darwinian medicine）是一門新興的學問，它把達爾文的演化論引進醫學研究中，試圖以演化的觀點來解釋各種疾病的原因。從過敏到阿茲海默症，從癌症到亨丁頓氏 舞蹈症 ，本書提供了最新的研究答案。不論你是否從醫，本書將革新我們看待疾病的角度，讓我們對疾病的起源有更透徹的了解。下次生病時，先別急著吃阿斯匹靈，也許 你的身體正在做它應該做的事。
23 Evolutionary medicine and health : new perspectives / edited by Wenda R. Trevathan, E.O. Smith, James J. McKenna Oxford University Press 2008 QZ9 E93 2008 Basic bookpic Building on the success of their groundbreaking anthology Evolutionary Medicine (OUP, 1999), Wenda R. Trevathan, E. O. Smith, and James J. McKenna provide an up-to-date and thought- provoking introduction to the field with this new collection of essays. Ideal for courses in evolutionarymedicine, medical anthropology, and the evolution of human disease, Evolutionary Medicine and Health: New Perspectives presents twenty-three original articles that examine how human evolution relates to a broad range of contemporary health problems including infectious, chronic, nutritional, and mental diseases and disorders. Topics covered include disease susceptibility in cultural context, substance abuse and addiction, sleep disorders, preeclampsia, altitude-related hypoxia, the biological context of menstruation, and the role of stress in modern life. An international team of preeminent scholars in biological anthropology, medicine, biology, psychology, and geography contributed the selections. Together they represent a uniquely integrative and multidisciplinary approach that takes into account the dialogue between biology and culture as it relates to understanding, treating, and preventing disease. A common theme throughout is the description of cases in which biological human development conflicts with culturally based individual behaviors that determine health outcomes. Detailed, evidence-based arguments make the case that all aspects of the human condition covered in the volume have an evolutionary basis, while theoretical discussions using other empirical evidence critique the gaps that still remain in evolutionary approaches to health. Evolutionary Medicine and Health: New Perspectives features an introductory overview that covers the field's diverse array of topics, questions, lines of evidence, and perspectives. In addition, the editors provide introductions to each essay and an extensive bibliography that represents astate-of-the-art survey of the literature. A companion website at www.oup.com/us/evolmed offers a full bibliography and links to source articles, reports, and databases. Written in an engaging style that is accessible to students, professionals, and general readers, this book offers a unique look athow an evolutionary perspective has become increasingly relevant to the health field and medical practice.
24 Future human evolution : eugenics in the twenty-first century / John Glad Hermitage Publishers 2006 HQ751 G52 2006 Basic bookpic This book lays out the history of eugenics movement and the politics which continues to rage around it. "The human rights of the future generations" are discussed. Contents Introduction — What Is Eugenics? — Science — Previous Evolution — Testing — g-loading —I Q Decline — Genetic Illnesses — Scientific Method — Mapping the Human Genome — Ideology — Essential Conditions — Altruism — Society and Genes — Politics: Manipulation Masked as Democracy — Welfare and Fertility — Crime and IQ — Migration — The History and Politics of Eugenics — A Brief History of the Eugenics — Movement — Germany — Left and Right — The Jews — The Suppression of Eugenics — Possible Abuse of Genetics — Euthanasia — Religion — Population Management — Feasibility — Radical Intervention — Conclusion — What You Can Do For Future Generations.
25 小獵犬號航海記 / 查爾斯.達爾文(Charles Darwin)著; 王瑞香譯 城邦文化 2001 300.8 3410-1 Basic bookpic 　　一八三一年十二月，達爾文以船長隨伴身分登上英國海軍艦艇「小獵犬號」，航離祖國，開始為期五年之久的環球科學考察之旅。當時達爾文不過二十三歲， 剛從劍橋大學畢業，對生物學和地質學所知有限，然而，當一八三六年十月「小獵犬號」回到英國時，他卻已成了這些領域中的佼佼者。更甚者，透過這場航行所做 的自然觀察，他在二十年後發展出「物競天擇、適者生存」的革命性演化理論，對人類社會產生深遠影響。 　　達爾文無疑是一流觀察家，他鉅細靡遺地描述了沿途所見動植物、地質、部落等，用筆生動有趣，在邏輯推演和科學思維上更是超強，絕對史無前例。透過這本《小獵犬號航海記》，你可享受由達爾文親筆紀錄的這場精采冒險之旅，更可見識到第一流科學產生的迷人過程。 　　在阿根廷，達爾文發現類似現代物種的已滅絕動物的化石；在加拉巴哥群島，達爾文注意到此島群上與南美洲大陸上的同種動植物卻擁有許多相異點，還發現喙形 上呈現幾近完整演化各階段的一群雀，這些發現是他日後重要學說演化論的奠基。穿越太平洋期間，他發展出有關珊瑚圓丘如何形成的理論，結果與現行理論完全吻 合…… 　　此書在一八三九年出版，之後達爾文陸續修訂內容，其中以一八四年的第二版最為著名。然而，與其提供這些修訂過的、較晚後的版本， 更重要的是呈現出版的文本，俾能盡可能準確地掌握達爾文在航行期間所經歷的思考與冒險過程。故刊於此的正是最原始版本的中文全譯本，當時的達爾文尚未推演 出演化論，著墨更多的是旅程中所見的一點一滴，有奇特的動植物、火山、海嘯、化石、熱帶雨林、地震、異國風情、難得一見的海上風光等等。當你細讀達爾文描 述南美印第安人的流星錘和拉索絕技、大溪地土著互相摩擦鼻子的打招呼方式，以及加拉巴哥群島上數之不盡的笨重大陸龜等等，眼前絕對會浮現栩栩如生的景象， 令你拍案叫絕。
26 盲眼鐘錶匠 : 解讀生命史的奧祕 / 道金斯(Richard Dawkins)著; 王道還譯 天下遠見 2002 362.1 3884 Basic bookpic 要是你一生只想讀一本演化論的書，請讀這一本。演化是地球生命史的事實，解釋演化的理論就是演化論。但是符合科學原則以及已知生物學原理的演化論，目前只有一個，就是達爾文演化論。國人對演化論，一般只知「物競天擇，適者生存」這八字訣，對理論內容反而不甚了然。 本書是英語世界最流行的演化論教科書，已有許多外文譯本，因此天下文化特別商請王道還先生翻譯出版。本書是華文世界中唯一從理論方面詳細解說演化論的書。本書曾獲英國皇家文學學會非小說類最佳書獎、美國洛杉磯時報的文學獎。作者道金斯，是英國最著名的演化生物學理論名家，現任牛津大學「科學教育」講座教授。 本書書名中的「鐘錶」一詞，是生物的隱喻，強調生物的構造與功能機制既複雜又巧妙。在西方的學術傳統中，「鐘錶」也是「世界運行模式」的隱喻，象徵自然運行的機制是環環相扣、一絲不苟的。「鐘錶匠」本來是「創世主」的隱喻，不過道金斯將它轉喻「演化機制」，加上「盲眼」這個形容詞，既凸顯了演化的兩個特殊面相（基因的隨機變異／演化沒有先驗的方向），又暗指「不需假定有個深思熟慮的創世主就能解釋生命世界的繁複與瑰麗」。即使對演化論有疑慮的讀者，本書也是開卷有益。因為不入虎穴，焉得虎子，不是嗎？
27 親愛的達爾文先生 : 關於生命演化與人類天性的15次通信 / 加百列.多佛(Gabriel Dover)著; 龐中培譯 究竟 2001 362 2725 Basic bookpic 　　演化論的力量太強大了。 　　這個思考模式自誕生以來，不僅君臨生物學領域，更不斷被應用到生物學以外的知識。「史上最偉大的書籍名單」有好幾個不同的版本，但《物種原始》必列其中。樹大招風，也因此有人高唱「沒有演化論，就沒有生物學」，有人怒斥「演化論是史上最大的謊言」。然而演化論引起的爭議，絕對不只是真實或謊言。 野生動物影片經常看到這樣的橋段：荒涼的沙漠被夕陽染成紅色，（旁白：這是嚴苛的生存環境）一隻長耳狐狸在沙漠上獨行，牠的長相和其他狐狸沒什麼不同，但 耳朵長得離譜（旁白：這是天擇的傑作。讓長耳狐狸能以聽力，追蹤地下的獵物）。下一個畫面，長耳狐狸果真低頭，把耳朵貼在地上。 　　這就是當前對「演化」的一般理解。長耳朵讓狐狸的生存機會增加，所以長耳朵，遺傳給了後代。以這種方式應用演化思考，便產生許多「知識」：人會愈長愈美-因為醜人找不到配偶。 但這些「演化」機制的理論，都停留在「天擇-生存壓力」的層次。如果生物的基因，遵守教科書上的孟德爾遺傳定律，保持遺傳穩定性，那「天擇-生存壓力」的確是影響生物演化的唯一力量。可如果基因會「漂流」，甚至自成一套複雜系統，有自己的運作秘密呢？這就是作者的理論起點。以往，演化論的「選擇」是被動式，基因「被」環境選擇，分配到個體之中。但作者注意到，基因有自己的運作方式，會主動式的選擇自己 的發展。換言之，生物的演化，是在「天擇」與「分子驅動」（molecular drive）的雙重作用下發生的。「分子驅動理論」，正是作者重寫演化機制的關鍵。 「狐狸耳朵」的演化思維，是「一支鑰匙對應一把鎖」，一種生物體結構對應一種生存功能。但如果生物體結構的發生，與環境和生存壓力沒有絕對關係，而主要是 分子發生的結果，那麼「狐狸耳朵」的故事，就不必是上述的寫法。作者明言：「演化和發育的遺傳決定論是一種天真的想法，意味著我們面對非常複雜的問題時， 所表現出的智慧上的懶惰與厚顏的無知。」 　　作者對「庸俗演化論」，例如「自私基因」的批評，極為精采。除此之外，從分子驅動論，我們還能得到其他啟示：不要天真的以為，「基因科技」或「基因優生學」，會帶來怎樣的美麗新世界，或邪惡新帝國。 「基因優生學」可能非常彆腳，怎麼「改」都改不成功。因為基因與素質不是一對一、或多對一的關係。一種基因，本身就是多重功能的，會隨著內在分子化學動 態，開啟或關閉不同的作用，複雜性遠超過我們所能想像。更重要的是，許多「表現型」-如卡拉絲的歌喉、魯賓斯坦的鋼琴技巧，很可能和「基因」根本無關。 遺憾的是，本書沒有正式的「導讀」，又被列為「科普」書籍。這兩件事可能造成某些悲哀的後果-開心的讀者把書買回家以後，流淚哭喊「看不懂」、或在書桌前昏頭入睡，自 =此將本書束之高閣。 的確，作者的姿態親切。這從他模擬達爾文的語氣，用「書信體」演出科普知識的努力，可以看得出來。不幸，這些「信」對演化生物學的圈外人而言，絕對是一次 智性與耐力的 挑戰。Amazon的一篇讀者評論說得好：「本書讀者，需要對演化、遺傳的概念有基本的認識-只知道雙螺旋是絕對不夠的。」 但本書讀者的付出，會和收穫成正比。今年四月號的The New England Journal of Medicine，特別請一位演化生物學教授撰寫本書書評。怎樣的「科普」書籍，有機會上正式的學術期刊亮相呢？本書的價值，自不待言。 （文/王兆慶）